The “Smart” School Lie: Why Interns are Teaching Coding on Blackboards

The “Tech-Teacher” Trap and the Hardware Vacuum

The Teachers Service Commission (TSC) is currently on an aggressive recruitment drive, prioritising a new breed of educator: the Bachelor of Education (Technology) graduate. This degree is being marketed as the golden ticket for the Competency-Based Curriculum’s STEM pathway. However, this recruitment drive masks a ridiculous operational reality. We are hiring highly specialized teachers to deploy them into “C4” schools that are technological deserts. Recent studies in counties like Homa Bay reveal that some public primary schools are operating with as few as 27 tablets for an entire school population, with zero interactive whiteboards or functional computer labs.

We are effectively creating a “Tech-Teacher Trap.” These fresh graduates, armed with skills in electrical engineering and digital media, are being hired as interns—paid a fraction of a permanent salary—and placed in classrooms where “Computer Science” is taught theoretically because there is no hardware. The government’s ban on parents buying digital devices creates a stalemate: schools can’t afford them, the government hasn’t supplied enough of them, and parents aren’t allowed to buy them. The result? A generation of Grade 10 students who can define a microprocessor on paper but have never held one.

The numbers don’t lie. The sector is facing a shortage of 58,590 teachers for the 2026 transition, with the STEM pathway hitting the hardest deficit in areas like aviation and computer studies. By plugging these gaps with underpaid interns and failing to provide the “Digital Literacy” hardware promised a decade ago, the Ministry is setting up the pioneer Senior School class for failure. We are simulating a modern education system rather than building one, widening the gap between the “digital haves” in elite private schools and the “analogue have-nots” in the public system.

References:

ResearchGate Development of Digital Literacy Skills among Learners in Public Primary Schools in Homabay County, Kenya

Capital News Govt publishes boarding fee caps, day school remains fully funded

The Eastleigh Voice Kenya needs 58,590 more teachers for 2026 senior school transition – TSC

Scribd Guidelines for recruitment of Teacher Interns, Junior Schools-2025/2026 Financial Year

The Economic Aftershock: Why Nakuru Hotels are Empty this January

The “Back-to-School” Squeeze is Killing Domestic Tourism

Usually, the first week of January sees the hotels of Nakuru and Naivasha buzzing with the last wave of domestic holidaymakers. This year, the lobbies are quiet, with occupancy rates reportedly dropping by nearly 40% compared to December. This economic contraction is the direct collateral damage of the “Capitation Paradox.” The “on-time” release of funds has done nothing to alleviate the burden on household budgets. Faced with “strict compliance” fees of Sh53,554, new uniforms for Senior School, and the hidden costs of the “Digital Divide” where parents must buy laptops , the Kenyan middle class has cancelled the holiday to save the school term.

Ironically, while leisure travel has plummeted, “panic travel” has surged. The transport sector is witnessing a windfall, not from tourists, but from the 350,000-strong army of parents and students traveling to sort out placement appeals and admissions. The roads are full, but the mood is frantic, not festive. This shift from leisure to logistical spending indicates a deeper economic stress; the education sector is cannibalizing the disposable income that usually fuels the service economy.

Furthermore, the “Strict Compliance” directives have frozen the local economies that usually thrive around schools. With principals under pressure to centralize procurement and cut costs to survive the “Ghost Deficit,” the local suppliers—the women selling cabbages, the small-time stationers, and the local transporters—are being cut out of the supply chain. The Sh44 billion release might be sitting in commercial bank accounts in Nairobi, but it is not trickling down to the school-adjacent communities, leaving the “hustlers and mama-mboga’s” economy to dry up alongside the empty hotel rooms.

References:

The Kenya Times From Free to Ksh53,554: How Much Grade 10s Will Pay Under C1-C4 Senior School System

Daily Nation Senior school chaos: Ministry relaxes rules amid confusion

The Kenya Times Govt Extends Grade 10 Placement Revision, CS Explains Why 144,000 Applications were Rejected

The Standard Mad rush for back to school amid financial crunch

The Standard Government releases Sh44b in capitation ahead of school reopening

The Year Kenya Took “Character Development” to the Cloud!

If 2024 was the year of “Wait, what?”, then 2025 was the year Kenya officially decided to “Submit.” Whether it was submitting your fingerprints for a digital ID, your patience to a crashing health portal, or your prayers to the rainy season, the year was a rollercoaster that even a Longisa-bound Matatu couldn’t match for speed and drama.

At Jijuze.com, we’ve been the “Mtu wa Mapema” on the ground, and as we usher in 2026, let’s look back at the chaos, the comedy, and the “Clout” that defined the last 12 months.


1. The Digital “Githeri” (SHA & ETA)

We started the year moving from NHIF to SHA. It was like swapping your old, reliable “Kabambe” phone for a high-end smartphone that only works when it wants to. Jijuze reported on the 17 million Kenyans who found themselves in a “digital waiting room” while the system decided if their old NHIF contributions counted.

Then came the ETA (Electronic Travel Authorization). We ditched the Swiss system for a “Made in Kenya” one, and for a few weeks, Jijuze’s comment section looked like a global complaint desk. Travelers were stuck, hotels were crying, and the system was doing more “buffering” than actual processing. Truly, “Technology is a tool, but in Kenya, it’s sometimes a test of faith.”

2. The “Farm-to-Folder” Revolution

Our farmers became data scientists! With 7.1 million farmers in a digital registry, the soil became “smart.” We saw the “Iron Circuit” logistics move more fertilizer than a campaign trail moves promises. We even banned Mancozeb—proving that while we might eat “Managu” with everything, we draw the line at toxic chemicals. Kenya told the world, “We want our exports green and our farmers’ soil non-acidic.”

3. The “M-Pesa for MPs” Allegations

August 18th will be remembered as the day the President dropped a bombshell that made even the most seasoned “Tea-drinkers” choke. Allegations of KSh 10 million bribery to sink bills? It wasn’t just news; it was a script for a movie that would win an Oscar for “Best Performance in a Parliamentary Committee.” Jijuze broke down how corruption went from being a secret whisper to a loud “Pesa imeingia!” notification.

4. The Return of the “Stiff Upper Lip”

Diplomacy got a makeover. The US Embassy stopped the “soft-launch” diplomacy and went full “Parent-Teacher Association.” Memos about state-sponsored “disappearances” and police accountability started flying faster than a “Siku hizi umepotea” text. It was a clear signal that the international “Honeymoon” was over, and the “Household chores” of governance were now under a microscope.

5. Sports, Scams, and Sustainability

  • The CHAN Delay: We prepared for the African Nations Championship like we prepare for a wedding—last minute, with a lot of “it will be fine.” Moving it to August gave us time to actually fix the stadiums (we hope).
  • The Southeast Asia Trap: On a darker note, Jijuze exposed the heartbreaking syndicates trafficking our youth to scam centers. It was a wake-up call that “Online Jobs” aren’t always what they seem.
  • Circular Economy: We ended the year talking about trash—specifically, how to make money from it. Because in Kenya, even a plastic bottle is an “opportunity” if you look at it long enough.

The 2026 “Radar”: What’s Cooking?

As we look forward, the questions are getting juicier:

  • Digital Trust: Will the SHA system finally “load” or will we still be carrying “Evidence of Payment” papers like they’re land title deeds?
  • The Burnout: Our teachers and doctors are tired. If 2025 was about the “System,” 2026 must be about the “Soul” of the public service.
  • Governance by Exposé: With the 2027 elections starting to cast a long shadow, expect more “Raw Intelligence” to be leaked than a Nairobi water pipe.

Bottom line? 2025 proved that Kenya isn’t for the faint-hearted. It’s for the resilient, the digital, and those who know that even when the system is “Under Maintenance,” the hustle continues!

HAPPY NEW YEAR!

Harvesting the ROI—The Macroeconomic Impact of the Subsidy

The economic ripple effects of the 2025 fertilizer subsidy program are beginning to manifest in Kenya’s national food security metrics with startling clarity. According to the June 2025 Treasury budget highlights, the government has allocated Ksh 8 billion specifically for the Fertilizer Subsidy Programme for the 2025/2026 financial year. This is part of a broader Ksh 47.6 billion agricultural transformation budget aimed at moving Kenya from a “food deficit” nation to a “food surplus” economy. By slashing the cost of a 50kg bag by approximately 60% compared to market rates, the program has successfully triggered a 38.9% increase in maize production in high-potential regions, directly contributing to the stabilization of mealie-meal prices in urban centers like Nakuru and Nairobi.

Kenya is set to harvest 70 million bags of maize in 2025 | NTV Kenya

However, the 2025 policy is no longer just about quantity; it is increasingly about soil health and long-term sustainability. New directives from the Ministry of Agriculture emphasize the use of NPK 23:23:0 and other non-acidic blends to correct soil degradation caused by years of over-relying on DAP. This scientific approach ensures that the “bumper harvests” seen this year are not a one-time fluke but the beginning of a sustained increase in yield per hectare. For the Kenyan farmer, this shift represents a move toward “Precision Agriculture,” where the digital data collected during KIAMIS registration helps the government determine which specific nutrient blends are needed for which regions, potentially saving billions in wasted inputs.

The final piece of this economic puzzle lies in the integration of “De-Risking” strategies. For the first time, the 2025 digital registration automatically links farmers to climate-risk insurance and credit facilities. This means that a farmer who buys subsidized fertilizer is also protected against the devastating losses of drought or floods, making the entire agricultural sector more attractive to young “agri-preneurs.” As Jijuze continues to monitor these developments, it is clear that the fertilizer subsidy is the anchor of a much larger economic engine. By empowering smallholders with affordable inputs and digital tools, Kenya is slowly rebuilding its agricultural backbone, turning the “kabambe” phone into a powerful tool for national prosperity.

References:

Capital Business Maize harvest to hit 70mn bags in 2025, up from 67mn last year

The Kenyan Wall Street The Hidden Costs of Kenya’s Fertiliser Subsidy Model

Jijuze How to Access Subsidized Fertilizer in Kenya


The “Iron Circuit”—Solving the Last Mile Bottleneck

The logistical machinery behind the 2025 fertilizer subsidy has undergone a radical shift to solve the “depot bottleneck” that plagued previous seasons. In late March 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture, led by CS Mutahi Kagwe, confirmed a massive surge in distribution, moving over one million bags of fertilizer in a single week to meet the high demand of the long rain season. The strategic change this year involves a heavy reliance on the “Iron Circuit”—using the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) freight wagons to bypass the congested Port of Mombasa and deliver directly to the Naivasha Inland Container Depot. This shift has significantly reduced the turnaround time for stocks, ensuring that once a farmer receives their e-voucher via the KIAMIS system, the physical bags are already staged at regional hubs rather than being stuck in highway transit.

The iron circuit

Despite these macro-logistical wins, the “Last Mile” remains the most significant challenge for the average Kenyan smallholder. Current research indicates that while private agro-dealers are usually within 6km of a farm, centralized NCPB depots are often an average of 18km away. To bridge this gap in 2025, the government has entered into critical Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with county governments like Uasin Gishu and Nakuru. These partnerships allow for the transfer of fertilizer from main regional hubs to smaller, county-run satellite depots. This decentralization strategy is designed to lower the “hidden costs” of the subsidy—specifically the high transport fees farmers previously paid to move 50kg bags across long distances, which often eroded the savings provided by the government-capped price of Ksh 2,500.

At the depot level, the 2025 experience is becoming increasingly automated, yet it requires farmer vigilance. The Ministry has introduced “Consignment-Based Framework Agreements,” allowing for a more diverse mix of fertilizers, including crop-specific blends for coffee and tea sectors, moving away from a “one-size-fits-all” approach. However, with high demand comes the risk of exploitation. Farmers are urged to verify their e-vouchers through the upgraded KIAMIS interface before making the journey to the depot to avoid “system-down” frustrations. Furthermore, officials have issued stern warnings against counterfeiters attempting to sell substandard mixtures in look-alike government packaging, reinforcing that legitimate subsidized stock is only available at registered NCPB or county-authorized sites.

References:

Citizen Digital Gov’t to issue over 1 million bags of subsidized fertilizer amid high demand

Kenyans.co.ke Govt to Distribute 1 Million Bags of Fertilizer to NCPB Depots Next Week After Shortage

Daily Nation Kagwe orders destruction of 25,518 bags of expired fertiliser

Jijuze How to Access Subsidized Fertilizer in Kenya

The Digital Gatekeeper—Decoding Kenya’s New Era of Fertilizer Distribution

The transition from traditional, manual fertilizer distribution to the Kenya Integrated Agriculture Management Information System (KIAMIS) represents one of the most significant shifts in the nation’s agricultural history. As of late 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture has officially taken full ownership of this digital registry, which now hosts data for over 7.1 million smallholder farmers. This digital “handshake” is no longer a mere pilot program but the mandatory gateway for anyone seeking to purchase subsidized DAP, NPK, or CAN fertilizer at the government-capped price of Ksh 2,500. For the Kenyan farmer, this means the end of “analog” vouchers and the birth of a data-driven system where eligibility is determined not by a physical queue, but by a biometric profile and a verified USSD record. However, as Jijuze has discovered, the sheer scale of this migration has created a new set of digital hurdles that many are struggling to navigate.

The digital gateway for fertilizer subsidy

At the heart of this system lies the *616*3# USSD code, a simple string of digits that serves as the farmer’s primary interface with the KIAMIS cloud. When a farmer dials this code, they are not just checking a balance; they are interacting with a complex backend that validates their land acreage, crop type, and regional location. The 2025 updates to the platform have introduced even more granular requirements, including the integration of climate-shock insurance directly into the registration process. This means that for a farmer to receive an e-voucher via SMS, their data must be fully validated by both the local Assistant Chief and the Sub-County Agricultural Officer. We have received reports that thousands of farmers who believed they were “registered” are being turned away at National Cereals and Produce Board (NCPB) depots because their profiles lack these critical secondary validations, highlighting a gap between initial data entry and final system approval.

Government targeting 500,000 farmers in KIAMIS registration drive | KBC Business

For the modern Kenyan smallholder, understanding the “Digital Gatekeeper” is now as essential as understanding the soil itself. The government’s 2025 policy emphasizes that the e-voucher system is designed to eliminate the “middleman” and “ghost farmers” who previously diverted subsidized stocks to the black market. By tying every bag of fertilizer to a specific ID number and a geo-tagged farm, the KIAMIS platform ensures that resources reach the intended hands. Yet, this digital-first approach demands a higher level of technical literacy. Farmers must ensure their mobile numbers are correctly linked to their ID and that they have not exceeded the allocated bags per acre—a limit strictly enforced by the algorithm. As the planting season approaches, the message from the Ministry is clear: the era of walking into a depot with just cash is over; if you are not in the cloud, you are not on the farm.

References:

Jijuze How to Access Subsidized Fertilizer in Kenya

Sacco Review Gov’t rolls out pioneering insurance-integrated fertilizer subsidy to safeguard smallholder farmers

The Kenya Times How Kenyans Can Apply for Govt Fertilizer Subsidy Program

Eagmark Agri-Hub Kenya Takes Ownership of National Digital Farmer Registry

Empowering Kenya’s Informal Waste Pickers for a Sustainable Future

Long before policymakers coined terms like “Extended Producer Responsibility” or “circular economy,” Kenya’s informal waste pickers were already living that reality — only without recognition, protection, or pay equity. Every dawn, thousands of men and women descend upon dumpsites from Dandora to Mombasa, armed with hooks, sacks, and unmatched resilience. They are the invisible workforce behind the country’s fragile recycling system, recovering up to 80 percent of all plastics that ever get recycled. Yet, despite this colossal contribution, their average earnings remain trapped between KSh 30–50 per kilogram, with no health insurance, no stable contracts, and little policy voice. It’s a moral contradiction and an economic inefficiency rolled into one: the very people enabling Kenya’s environmental survival are surviving on its margins. The system is built on their sweat, but not their dignity.

The irony deepens when you follow the plastic’s trail. Once the pickers sell to small middlemen, the material ascends through aggregation points — like Mr. Green Africa’s sorting hubs — and ends up feeding multinational supply chains that boast of “sustainable sourcing.” At every stage, the profit margins grow — except for the people who initiate the cycle. Yet without these workers, Kenya’s plastic waste problem would quadruple overnight. Their local intelligence — knowing which streets yield high-value PET, which neighborhoods mix organics with plastics — is the kind of human data even the best AI sorting systems can’t replicate. In cities like Nairobi, where waste management systems are perpetually underfunded, informal networks fill the void that government institutions have left wide open. The question isn’t whether they matter; it’s whether we’ll ever pay them like they do.

To unlock Kenya’s circular future, policymakers must stop treating informal pickers as peripheral players and start embedding them in the national waste economy. That means formal recognition, access to microfinance, integration into municipal contracts, and training to adapt to upcoming high-tech recycling plants. When hybrid models like enzymatic recycling and pyrolysis eventually take root, the quality of feedstock — clean, segregated plastics — will be the single biggest success factor. And who’s best positioned to ensure that? The same waste pickers who’ve been sorting Kenya’s chaos by hand for decades. Investing in their safety, tools, and professionalization isn’t charity — it’s infrastructure. The day we place their expertise at the center of policy, Kenya’s recycling revolution will finally have the spine it needs.

References:

Africa News Nairobi-based Company Turns Plastic Waste into Eco-Friendly Bricks

The Standard Program to address welfare of Kenyan waste pickers starts

Daily Nation Kenya picked to lead Africa’s plastic waste revolution

WWF Lifetime cost of plastic 10 times higher for low-income countries than rich ones, revealing crippling inequities in plastics value chain

Heinrich Böll Stiftung Garbage collectors who are treated like trash

Daily Nation It is a struggle for recognition and inclusivity

The Long Road to the White House: How Decades of Defeat Paved the Way for Obama’s Triumph

What historical event fascinates you the most?

The story of Barack Obama’s rise to the presidency is not a solitary tale of brilliance or destiny—it is the culmination of a decades-long relay of political courage that redefined the limits of the possible in American democracy. His 2008 victory stands as the visible peak of an arduous climb shaped by the endurance of pioneers who came before him. Figures like Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm, who shattered racial and gender ceilings in 1972, and Reverend Jesse Jackson, whose “Rainbow Coalition” candidacies in 1984 and 1988 forced America to confront its biases, laid the early foundations of a movement that would outlive them. Their “failures” were not in vain—they were experiments in expanding the nation’s democratic DNA. From a Kenyan perspective, this lineage carries deep emotional weight, embodying the spirit of relentless persistence familiar to anyone who understands the slow, generational battle for inclusion and recognition.

The genius of this political evolution lies in its incremental engineering. Chisholm’s courage and Jackson’s campaigns did not just inspire—they changed the machinery of American politics itself. Through sustained pressure, they compelled the Democratic Party to modernize, reforming delegate rules that amplified the voices of minorities and younger voters. By the 1990s, candidates like Alan Keyes and Al Sharpton ensured the continuity of representation, keeping racial equality firmly in the national conversation. Each successive run normalized the image of a serious Black contender in presidential politics. What emerged over time was not a series of symbolic gestures, but a cumulative transformation—a slow and deliberate reshaping of the public imagination that made Obama’s candidacy viable. His triumph, therefore, was not born of luck, but of a carefully built architecture of hope laid down by generations of pioneers who refused to yield to cynicism.

From a global vantage point, this political journey is an extraordinary testament to democracy’s capacity for self-correction and redemption. The election of Barack Obama—a man with direct African heritage—to lead the world’s most powerful democracy represented the closing of a historical circle. It was the moment when the symbolic finally became substantive, when decades of struggle, protest, and faith converged into a living affirmation that even the most entrenched systems can evolve. For the world, and particularly for Africa, it was proof that history bends not by miracle but by momentum—by the unyielding will of those who run, fall, and rise again until the summit is reached. The path to Obama’s presidency, then, is not just an American story. It is a universal parable about the patience, pain, and persistence required to turn political impossibility into historical inevitability.

The Last Mile — Raila Odinga’s Twilight, Passing, and the Idea That Survived Him

In his twilight years, Raila Odinga had become more than a politician — he was Kenya’s political conscience, a bridge between the generations that fought for freedom and those still searching for meaning within it. After the bruising 2022 election, where he faced yet another defeat in a career defined by near-victories, Raila chose not confrontation but calm. His refusal to ignite division, even amid widespread frustration, marked a quiet evolution: from fiery agitator to custodian of peace. He spent his final active years mentoring a younger political class and reminding Kenya that democracy must outlive its disappointments. The rallies grew fewer, but his voice — gravelled yet resolute — remained an anchor for millions who saw in him a mirror of their struggle. Even in moments of political isolation, Raila commanded moral gravity; when he spoke of justice, people listened not out of allegiance, but respect. His final public appearances, increasingly statesmanlike, hinted at a man preparing not for another contest, but for continuity — ensuring the dream he carried for half a century would not die with him.

When news of his passing broke, it felt as though time itself had paused across Kenya. From the streets of Kibera to the hills of Nyamira, from church altars to Parliament floors, an unmistakable silence hung over the nation. For once, political color faded — blue, yellow, and red replaced by the black of mourning and the green of shared belonging. Thousands gathered in impromptu vigils, waving candles instead of party flags. Old rivals spoke his name with reverence; even his fiercest critics acknowledged the void his absence left behind. His cortege became a national pilgrimage — a river of gratitude winding through the land he had served but never ruled. In a country accustomed to contested memories, Raila’s farewell became a rare moment of collective clarity: a recognition that disagreement need not erase contribution, and that service to country often comes without reward. For a few days, Kenya remembered what unity felt like — not uniformity, but shared remembrance.

And yet, the story did not end with his burial. Raila’s true legacy now lives not in statues or slogans, but in the enduring architecture of Kenya’s democracy — in devolved counties that still echo his reformist spirit, in youth movements that speak his language of resistance and reform, and in every citizen who believes that politics can be moral without being naïve. Across Africa, too, his influence endures — in the language of reformers who cite his journey as proof that persistence can be a form of victory. Raila Odinga’s life was not a straight line, but a circle — one that began with rebellion, matured into reform, and closed with reconciliation. In his passing, Kenya lost a leader; in his legacy, Africa gained an ideal. For generations to come, his story will remain both lesson and mirror — a reminder that while men die, ideas, when carried with courage, do not.

References:

Daily Nation End of an era: Curtains fall on Raila Amolo Odinga’s chapter

Democracy in Africa Raila Odinga: the man who changed Kenya without ever ruling it

The Standard Tribute to Raila Odinga, the man who shaped my generation

KBC Raila Odinga was a true son of the soil and champion of Kenya’s second liberation

Raila Odinga — The Continental Visionary and the Pan-African Ideal

By the time Raila Odinga transitioned from the turbulence of Kenyan politics to the corridors of the African Union in 2018, he had already achieved what few opposition leaders ever do — moral ascendancy without state power. His appointment as the AU High Representative for Infrastructure Development in Africa by then-Chairperson Moussa Faki Mahamat was more than a ceremonial posting; it was a recognition that Raila’s vision had outgrown the boundaries of national politics. For decades, he had spoken of roads, ports, and energy grids n ot as isolated projects, but as the veins of a continental body long deprived of oxygen. His task was formidable: harmonize the patchwork of infrastructure blueprints stretching from Cairo to Cape Town and Dakar to Mombasa — an endeavor rooted in the dream of Pan-African unity that Kwame Nkrumah and Julius Nyerere once championed. Under his oversight, progress accelerated on key projects like the Trans-African Highway corridors, the Northern Corridor Integration Projects, and renewed discussions on the Lamu Port–South Sudan–Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) initiative. To Raila, infrastructure was not merely development; it was destiny — the physical manifestation of political freedom.

Video Courtesy: Make Afrika Great Youtube Channel

Yet the vision extended beyond concrete and steel. Raila often argued that Africa’s “second liberation” would be economic — a struggle against the colonial hangovers of dependency and fragmentation. Speaking at multiple AU and regional forums, he lamented that Africa had “many presidents but few partners,” calling for the synchronization of policy and investment around continental value chains. His dream was to transform roads into trade routes and power grids into bridges of sovereignty. But his tenure at the AU also exposed him to the bureaucratic inertia and political contradictions that continue to stifle Pan-African ambitions. Many member states guarded national interests more fiercely than collective progress, and overlapping institutions competed for influence rather than complementing one another. Still, Raila persisted — pushing for the African Integrated High-Speed Railway Network (AIHSRN) and advocating for infrastructure financing mechanisms that would reduce reliance on external lenders. His approach fused technocracy with activism: bold enough to confront inertia, diplomatic enough to sustain consensus. It was a delicate dance — one that mirrored his lifelong balancing act between idealism and realism.

In hindsight, Raila Odinga’s continental journey completes a narrative arc that began in confinement and ended in connection. From his Kamiti cell to his AU office in Addis Ababa, the constant thread was belief — in people, in progress, and in the idea that freedom is incomplete without opportunity. His Pan-African legacy mirrors his Kenyan one: influence without dominion, architecture without the architect’s seat. Where others sought to rule, he sought to knit — to join fractured pieces of governance, identity, and geography into a whole. Whether championing devolution in Kenya or interconnectivity across Africa, his conviction remained the same: development must be democratic, and democracy must deliver. In his passing, Kenya and Africa bid farewell to a statesman whose life embodied the struggle between power and principle — and whose vision of unity, justice, and dignity will continue to outlive him, guiding generations yet to lead.

References:

The Standard Raila Odinga lands new job

BBC Raila Odinga: The man who shaped Kenyan politics

Daily Nation Invest on infrastructure, Raila Odinga tells African nations

Business Daily Raila’s unfinished business