Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate, averaging around 50% in past outbreaks . The virus, first identified in 1967, is transmitted to people from fruit bats and spreads through human-to-human contact with bodily fluids or contaminated materials. Kenya is particularly vulnerable due to its proximity to Tanzania, where an outbreak is currently ongoing. The risk is further heightened by increased cross-border movement and Kenya’s position as a major transit hub in East Africa.

The Marburg virus is transmitted to people from fruit bats and spreads through human-to-human contact with bodily fluids or contaminated materials. Symptoms typically begin abruptly with fever, headache, and muscle aches, which can quickly escalate to severe internal bleeding, organ failure, and shock. Early supportive care, including rehydration and symptom management, is crucial for improving survival rates. Kenya, with its position as a major transit hub in East Africa, is particularly vulnerable to the spread of MVD . The country’s healthcare system faces challenges such as underfunding, recurring healthcare worker strikes, and under-resourced primary health facilities, which could hinder effective response efforts. Moreover, the initial symptoms of MVD often mimic common illnesses like malaria, potentially leading to misdiagnosis and further transmission within households and healthcare settings.

While no approved vaccines or treatments for MVD exist, Kenya is taking significant steps to enhance surveillance and response mechanisms through its comprehensive Preparedness and Response Plan. This plan not only includes crucial readiness assessments aimed at evaluating the country’s ability to respond effectively to potential outbreaks but also involves extensive training programs for healthcare workers to ensure they are well-equipped to handle cases of MVD safely and efficiently. The Ministry of Health is proactively coordinating with regional partners and neighboring countries to build a united front against the virulent disease, urging the public to remain vigilant and report any suspicious symptoms immediately. Additionally, Kenya is receiving vital support from international organizations, which offer technical expertise, logistical assistance, and resources essential for managing public health crises. Furthermore, Kenya aims to strengthen its healthcare system through infrastructure improvements, enhance surveillance capabilities at all points of entry, and actively engage the local community in awareness campaigns. By fostering collaboration and communication, the country aspires to effectively combat MVD and other infectious diseases, ensuring public health and safety for all its citizens.

References:

CEPI Marburg – What it is, and what it is not

World Health Organisation Marburg Virus Disease–United Republic of Tanzania

World Health Organisation Marburg virus disease

The Guardian Suspected outbreak of deadly Marburg virus disease kills eight in Tanzania

Citizen Digital MoH intensifies border screening for Ebola, Marburg virus

KBC Gov’t steps up border surveillance as Mpox, Marburg and Ebola threats loom

The Star CS Barasa: Kenya remains on high alert over Marburg virus

The Star Marburg Virus Disease: Kenya at high risk